The Need The last major infrastructure investment to First Nations was in the 1990s, over 25 years ago.
Today, more than $4.8 billion in federally funded assets on reserves are in “poor condition,” requiring urgent repair or replacement.
Lack of essential infrastructure — housing, education, healthcare, and connectivity — has deepened inequality in First Nations communities, highlighting the gap compared to services available to most Canadians.
In partnership with Indigenous Services Canada, we co-developed the National Cost Estimate, outlining the investment required to Close the Infrastructure Gap by 2030 (CTIG 2030) — a critical step toward economic reconciliation.
Housing Crisis:
Of 85,700 existing units, 34% need minor repairs, 31% need major repairs, and 108,803 new units are needed to address overcrowding, replacements, and population growth.
Aging Infrastructure: The last major federal infrastructure investment was in 1994-96 for buildings/utilities and 1980 for transportation.
Today, $4.8B in federally funded on-reserve assets are in "poor condition" and need urgent repair or replacement.
Drinking Water:
As of Feb 2025, 34 drinking water advisories remain in 32 First Nations communities — down from 105 in 2015 — but safe, reliable water access is still not guaranteed.
Education Gaps:
202 First Nations schools are overcrowded; 56 need immediate replacement. First Nations receive only 23% of their educational capital needs despite federal commitments in Budget 2021.
Population Growth:
From 2020-2030, First Nations on-reserve populations are growing at 1.7% annually vs. 1.0% for Canada. Existing infrastructure cannot support this and needs urgent upgrades and long-term planning.
Homelessness Crisis:
First Nations people make up 28% of the homeless population in 44 surveyed communities, despite being only 2% of Canada’s population.
Testimonial
CTIG Bio Callout Sample
In partnership with Indigenous Services Canada, we co-developed the National Cost Estimate, outlining the investment required to Close the Infrastructure Gap by 2030 (CTIG 2030) — a critical step toward economic reconciliation.
Learn More About the BenefitsClosing the Infrastructure Gap Building a better future for First Nations and Canada through infrastructure investments
Investing in Infrastructure
Sustained investment in First Nations infrastructure will improve socioeconomic outcomes, expanding access to healthcare, housing, and essential services while driving economic growth.
Many First Nations communities still lack adequate water supply, a major barrier to development. Without reliable infrastructure, they cannot build multi-residential or commercial spaces, limiting economic opportunities.
Current funding is reactive, addressing crises rather than planning for long-term prosperity. A shift toward strategic investment is needed to close the infrastructure gap efficiently and effectively.
Cost of Neglect
The federal government has a fiduciary duty to fund essential infrastructure, from housing and healthcare to transportation and clean water. Yet, many First Nations communities still lack these necessities.
The CTIG 2030 report outlines the urgent investment required to meet the needs of 634 First Nations across Canada. Without sustainable funding for maintenance and operations, critical infrastructure will continue to deteriorate — driving up costs and worsening health and safety risks over time.
Climate Change Impacts
First Nations communities face increasing risks from climate change, including flooding, wildfires, and extreme weather, threatening lives and livelihoods.
Sustained funding is essential to adapt, retrofit, and design resilient infrastructure. Costs will be higher in remote areas, where construction and supply chains present additional challenges.
Investment in climate-resilient infrastructure will not only protect communities but also reduce carbon emissions and stimulate economic growth, positioning Canada as a global leader in sustainable development.
Digital Connectivity & Housing
Strong infrastructure boosts employment, quality of life, and economic activity. Yet, many First Nations communities remain disconnected due to remote locations and inadequate road networks.
Improved digital connectivity will enable access to education, online businesses, and telehealth services, helping First Nations participate fully in the economy.
Affordable, climate-resilient housing, clean water, modern schools, and sustainable energy sources are critical to well-being and cultural preservation — ensuring thriving First Nations communities for future generations.
Benefits for All Canadians
Investing in First Nations infrastructure strengthens Canada’s economy. The Benefits for All Canadians report by the Conference Board of Canada highlights:
- $635 billion boost to economic output
- 338,000+ jobs created annually
- $87 billion in government tax revenue
- Canada leading the G7 in GDP per capita growth
Closing the infrastructure gap isn’t just about equity — it’s a strategic economic opportunity to build a stronger, more inclusive Canada.